The future of agriculture relies on the efficient transfer and cycling of nutrient, using the cheapest forms of energy available. It will not be a philosophically ‘greening’ economy which feeds Biological farming into mainstream agricultural production; it will be hard economic reality. The guidelines for a profitable farming system are simple – if there are inefficiencies, remove them, if there are under utilised strengths, maximise them and hence build some resilience into the process of making money from farm production. To do otherwise risks profitability and hence viability. Soil Biology plays a vital role in that process and is at the forefront of a paradigm shift in Australian agriculture.